现代菌种鉴定技术在药品控制菌检查中的比较

目的探索药品控制菌检查中适合的菌种鉴定方法。方法采用VITEK 2 Compact全自动微生物生化鉴定系统和3500 Micro Seq全自动微生物基因分型鉴定系统,对控制菌检查中常见的32株菌进行生化反应鉴定和16S r DNA测序鉴定,并对鉴定结果为沙门菌的菌株进行血清分型。结果 2种方法鉴定结果基本一致,部分菌株生化反应鉴定只能至属,而16S r DNA测序可以鉴定至种甚至亚种水平,沙门菌的分型需采用血清学鉴定。结论药品控制菌检查可结合16S r DNA测序和生化鉴定,选择不同控制菌适合的鉴定方法。     

MST1启动子区DNA低甲基化在ApoE－/－小鼠肾损伤中的作用

目的探讨哺乳动物不育系20样激酶1(MST1)及其DNA甲基化在载脂蛋白E基因敲除(Apo E-/-)小鼠肾损伤中的作用及意义。方法实验动物分为2组:(1)Apo E-/-组(n=10):雄性Apo E-/-鼠饲以高蛋氨酸饮食;(2)对照组(n=10):雄性C57BL/6J鼠饲以高蛋氨酸饮食。喂养14周后,全自动生物化学分析仪测定小鼠血清肌酐和尿素氮水平;PAS染色及透射电子显微镜观察小鼠肾脏组织损伤情况;实时定量PCR及Western blot分别检测小鼠肾脏中MST1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。巢式甲基化特异性PCR(n MS-PCR)检测小鼠肾脏MST1 DNA甲基化水平。结果与对照组比较,Apo E-/-组血清肌酐和尿素氮分别升高了1.1倍和1.6倍(P0.01);PAS染色和透射电镜结果显示,Apo E-/-组较对照组肾脏明显损伤;Apo E-/-小鼠肾脏MST1表达分别与血清肌酐和尿素氮水平呈正相关(R2=0.7571,P=0.0012;R2=0.7342,P=0.0015);n MS-PCR结果显示,Apo E-/-组肾脏中MST1 DNA甲基化水平较对照组显著降低(P0.01)。结论 MST1表达上调可能在Apo E-/-小鼠肾损伤中发挥重要作用,而MST1启动子区DNA低甲基化改变可能是MST1表达上调的重要机制。     

Enhanced ridge preservation by bone mineral bound with collagen-binding synthetic oligopeptide: a clinical and histologic study in humans

Background: The ridge‐preservation technique has been applied with membrane alone or membrane plus graft. Synthetic peptides, mimicking bioactive growth factor or extracellular matrix protein, have been attempted to provide an active surface of the biomaterials in inducing bone formation while alleviating the limitations of whole protein such as short half‐life, immunologic responses. The aim of the present clinical study is to examine the osteogenic effect of synthetic oligopeptide–coated bone mineral compared to bone graft without peptide when applied with collagen membrane in a ridge‐preservation technique. Methods: Synthetic oligopeptide from the collagen‐binding domain of osteopontin was chemically synthesized and coated onto the surface of bone mineral particulates. Ridge preservations were performed at 44 extraction sites in 42 patients (20 males and 22 females). Analyses of clinical parameters and histomorphometric evaluations were conducted to compare the osteogenic effects of the grafts between baseline and 6 months. Results: In the bone grafts of the control group treated without synthetic peptide, new bone formation was only seen around borders and basal areas. However, new bone was observed broadly in the defects of the test group treated with synthetic peptide–coated bone mineral, as seen not only at peripheries but also in the central and coronal parts of bone cores in the defects. The average percentage of new bone formation was significantly higher in the test group (5.3% ± 8.3% versus 10.4% ± 4.6%). The contact percentages between the graft particles and the new bone were 8.2% ± 11.3% for the control group and 20.4% ± 7.5% for the test group (P <0.05). Conclusions: The ridge‐preservation approach using synthetic oligopeptide–coated bone mineral with collagen membrane effectively prevented the resorption of hard tissue with higher bone‐to‐graft contact, and the oligopeptide‐coated bone may be a choice for ridge‐preservation procedures while assuring new bone formation.     

Effect of fluoride dentifrices on white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: A randomized trial

Objectives:To determine the effect of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Tooth Crème, and MI-Paste Plus on the formation of white spot lesions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods:Three prospective groups with 40 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in each group were evaluated (total recruitment = 120 subjects). The selected product was brushed on for 2 minutes twice daily for 4 months. Subjects were reviewed for 4 months on a monthly basis. The Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) was used to determine the number of white spot lesions per surface at each visit.Results:100 subjects (35 using Clinpro 5000, 32 using Clinpro Tooth Crème, and 33 using MI Paste Plus) completed the study. The data lend strong support for Clinpro 5000 providing superior protection against enamel decalcification when compared to Clinpro Crème, and mixed support when compared to MI Paste Plus.Conclusions:The use of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Crème, and MI paste Plus all have a reduction effect on white spot lesions when compared to studies reported previously. Clinpro 5000 has a marginally better effect than the two other test pastes. The results of this study can be used by clinicians when deciding the effectiveness of using fluoride dentifrice products to prevent white spot lesions in their orthodontic practice (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT03440996","term_id":"NCT03440996"}}NCT03440996).     

Fluoride varnish efficacy in preventing early childhood caries

To determine the efficacy of fluoride varnish (5% NaF, Duraphat, Colgate) added to caregiver counseling to prevent early childhood caries, we conducted a two-year randomized, dental-examiner-masked clinical trial. Initially, 376 caries-free children, from low-income Chinese or Hispanic San Francisco families, were enrolled (mean age +/- standard deviation, 1.8 +/- 0.6 yrs). All families received counseling, and children were randomized to the following groups: no fluoride varnish, fluoride varnish once/year, or fluoride varnish twice/year. An unexpected protocol deviation resulted in some children receiving less active fluoride varnish than assigned. Intent-to-treat analyses showed a fluoride varnish protective effect in caries incidence, p < 0.01. Analyzing the number of actual, active fluoride varnish applications received resulted in a dose-response effect, p < 0.01. Caries incidence was higher for 'counseling only' vs. 'counseling + fluoride varnish assigned once/year' (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.19-4.08) and 'twice/year' (OR = 3.77, 95% CI 1.88-7.58). No related adverse events were reported. Fluoride varnish added to caregiver counseling is efficacious in reducing early childhood caries incidence.     

微型种植体支抗和XIVE种植体在牙列缺损修复中的临床应用

目的：探讨用微型种植体作为正畸支抗压低伸长磨牙,同时用XIVE种植体修复对（牙合）缺失牙的可行性.方法：选择7例下颌第一磨牙缺失,对颌牙伸长＞2.5mm种植修复的患者.在对颌伸长的第一磨牙的近中腭侧和远中颊侧各植入1枚微型种植体.用橡皮链挂在颊、腭侧的种植体上,以压低伸长的对颌牙齿,定期更换并进行临床检查.同时缺牙区植入XIVE种植体,常规种植治疗.结果：7例患者中,1枚微型种植钉松动脱落,余6例患者伸长牙平均压低3mm,平均压低时间为5个月,经种植修复后均获得满意的临床效果.结论：针对下颌第一磨牙缺失对颌牙伸长较多的病例,微型种植体支抗和种植体的联合应用,能达到良好的修复效果.     

Single-cell analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme II expression in human kidneys and bladders reveals a potential route of 2019 novel coronavirus infection

Background:Since 2019, a novel coronavirus named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has emerged worldwide. Apart from fever and respiratory complications, acute kidney injury has been observed in a few patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Furthermore, according to recent findings, the virus has been detected in urine. Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) has been proposed to serve as the receptor for the entry of 2019-nCoV, which is the same as that for the severe acute respiratory syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the possible cause of kidney damage and the potential route of 2019-nCoV infection in the urinary system.Methods:We used both published kidney and bladder cell atlas data and new independent kidney single-cell RNA sequencing data generated in-house to evaluate ACE2 gene expression in all cell types in healthy kidneys and bladders. The Pearson correlation coefficients between ACE2 and all other genes were first generated. Then, genes with r values larger than 0.1 and P values smaller than 0.01 were deemed significant co-expression genes with ACE2.Results:Our results showed the enriched expression of ACE2 in all subtypes of proximal tubule (PT) cells of the kidney. ACE2 expression was found in 5.12%, 5.80%, and 14.38% of the proximal convoluted tubule cells, PT cells, and proximal straight tubule cells, respectively, in three published kidney cell atlas datasets. In addition, ACE2 expression was also confirmed in 12.05%, 6.80%, and 10.20% of cells of the proximal convoluted tubule, PT, and proximal straight tubule, respectively, in our own two healthy kidney samples. For the analysis of public data from three bladder samples, ACE2 expression was low but detectable in bladder epithelial cells. Only 0.25% and 1.28% of intermediate cells and umbrella cells, respectively, had ACE2 expression.Conclusion:This study has provided bioinformatics evidence of the potential route of 2019-nCoV infection in the urinary system.     

朱南孙调经助孕经验

朱南孙教授治疗不孕症,强调"首辨虚实",因人制宜,重在求本,虚则补之,实则泻之。对于虚证,先补益其虚,气血安和,再调经助孕;对于实证先予祛邪,邪去正复再予调补助孕。对于婚久不孕,经行错后,畏寒肢冷,纳呆便溏之脾肾阳虚者,先治以温肾健脾,养血调经,待脾胃调和,再施以温肾助孕法治疗。朱老提出欲求嗣,必先调经,调经者,重在调周,调周者,必兼养卵促卵。行经期,以通为主,以活血调经之品促进经血通畅,慎用寒凉药以防滞其经水。经后期,经水已泻,胞宫阴血亏虚逐渐至盛,以滋阴养血,补益冲任为主,常予四物汤、二至丸化裁。不孕症患者性善忧思急躁,心神失养,阴虚阳亢,无以营养冲任胞宫,不能成孕,故而疏肝解郁,宁神定志亦为调经助孕之要领。     

胡国华运用“通”“养”法治疗产后身痛经验

胡国华教授秉承海派中医朱氏妇科的学术观点,认为产后身痛的根本病机是产后多虚,邪气入里所致,常运用朱氏妇科"通、涩、清、养"四法中的"通""养"二法论治本病。患者产后气血亏虚,百脉空虚,筋脉失养即本虚,此时又因外邪入侵,产褥期风寒湿邪乘虚而入即标实,针对产褥期特殊的生理病理以及气血亏虚、外邪内侵的发病机制,胡国华教授提出益气养血,通络止痛法。胡国华教授用药灵活,精而不杂,善用药对,丝丝入扣,强调疾病有其共性,但亦须重视个体的动态变化,还非常重视患者心理调摄,除言语劝导外可根据临床症状酌加疏肝宁心之品,临床往往取得良好的治疗效果。